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30 Sports in 30 Days: Tennis

tennis88.jpg
Tennis returned to the Olympics in 1988 after 64 years.

Tennis is another sport in which opponents attempt to propel a ball past each other, but there are two obstacles here: a short lengthwise net and surrounding boundary lines. Players are outfitted with racquets, and if one fails to return a hit ball into the enemy side of the court -- within the lines -- the other is awarded a point.

Players begin games at love -- or rather, "l'oeuf," the French word for "the egg," which is a very zero-shaped thing indeed. Mathematics and tennis, from that point, are at odds. In a game, one point is called 15, the second is 30, and the third 40. The reason for this is because a clock face was originally used as a scoreboard, and as the game developed, "45" was shortened to "40." One of the universal laws of sport is that terms are best if they're two syllables or less.

Most tennis terms are quick and short. Games are accumulated into sets (first to six wins, and if it's 6-5 play continues until a two-set margin is accomplished), and sets into matches. Most matches are best of three sets, but important ones require three-of-five.

tennis.jpg

The first Olympic tennis events, at Athens in 1896, occurred during the early stages of the sport's development. That could be why a lack of coherent leadership in the early part of the 20th Century would eventually doom the game's Olympic status. The 1920 "lawn tennis" tournament in Antwerp, for instance, was played under wet conditions, with no towels or hot water for the athletes. In Paris four years later, the women were locked out of their lockers. The sport was of trifling priority for the IOC, and as such didn't return until 1988.

Tennis balls are yellow.
Tennis, however, was a demonstration sport at Mexico City 1968 and Los Angeles 1984. It was during that latter Olympics that top pros such as Stefan Edberg and Steffi Graf thrilled capacity crowds at the UCLA tennis center, and the display was the final capstone on tennis' reemergence as a true Olympic sport. After baby steps in Seoul, the Barcelona 1992 draw included the top five men in the world, including Pete Sampras and Boris Becker. Since then, the Olympics has been generally considered the "Fifth Major," along with the French, Australian, American and English (Wimbledon) Open championships.

Tennis Fun Facts:

  • Why is it called tennis? Perhaps we'll never know. Some believe that the word comes from "tenez" (or "tenetz"), a French word meaning "take heed." Others think that it's a geographical marker: Tinnis was a city in ancient Egypt famous for its textiles.

  • Irishman John Boland travelled to the Athens 1896 Games as a spectator, but came home with the ultimate souvenir -- an Olympic championship! The first men's singles winner also paired with German Friedrich Traun, whose doubles partner withdrew because of injury. It wasn't deemed an Olympic event, but the two won the doubles event together as a multinational team.

  • Jeu de paume (or "game of the hand") is a French ballgame that's a key part of tennis' lineage. It was originally played without racquets, much the same way that basketball is played without jet packs. But people started calling the racquet sport jeu de paume, forcing the game's purists to call the hand-based game "real tennis." The "lawn tennis" tournament was supplemented at London 1908 with a jeu de paume event, won by American Jay Gould.

  • Some people think that BMX, snowboarding and taekwondo are diluting the Olympic menu, but consider London 1908. In addition to jeu de paume, the organizers went tennis-bonkers with the addition of men's singles and doubles in "rackets," a forerunner of squash. Incidentally, squash afficionados are pushing for that game to be included on the program in 2016.

In 2008:

The Olympic tournament will take place during the first week of the Games, from Aug. 10-17 (Days 2 through 9). The men's and women's singles will feature most of the top 48 racquet-wielders in the world, and there were very few abstentions among the elite players. The draws also feature 12 players chosen by the International Tennis Federation, and four special invitations. One of those invitations was granted to Nicolas Massu -- he won the men's gold medal for Chile in 2004, but has seen his world ranking dip into the triple digits in recent years.

All-Time Medal Standings:

NationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
United States United States165930
Great Britain Great Britain15131240
France France55717
South Africa South Africa3216
Germany Germany2529
Chile Chile2013
Mixed team Mixed team1337
Australia Australia1135
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia1124
Russia Russia1102
Belgium Belgium1012
West Germany West Germany1012
Canada Canada1001
China China1001
Switzerland Switzerland1001
Spain Spain0639
Sweden Sweden0257
Japan Japan0202
Argentina Argentina0123
Greece Greece0112
Czech Republic Czech Republic0112
Netherlands Netherlands0112
Austria Austria0101
Denmark Denmark0101
Croatia Croatia0033
Unified Team Unified Team0022
Bulgaria Bulgaria0011
India India0011
Australasia Australasia0011
Bohemia Bohemia0011
Hungary Hungary0011
Italy Italy0011
Norway Norway0011

(Photo via 1988 Official Report)


Disclaimer
This site is not affiliated with or endorsed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), United States Olympic Committee (USOC), or the National Olympic Committee of any country. Your Curator
Sportswriter Kyle Whelliston has been published frequently on ESPN.com and Basketball Times, and has held lifetime membership in the International Society of Olympic Historians (ISOH) since 1999.

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